Dengue Fever

 Dengue

What is dengue?

Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection causing the severe flu and sometimes it causes a potentially lethal compilation called severe dengue.

Dengue is an acute infectious disease that is characterized by headache, joint pain, a rash caused by a single-stranded RNA virus of the genus Flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes. Dengue fever also called Breakbone fever, Dandy fever.

Almost 50 to 100 million people infected by dengue annually. Severe dengue firstly was recognized in the 1950s in the Philipines and Thailand. 

Now it a; so affects Asia and Latin. The life cycle of the dengue fever virus involves the role of mosquito as a transmiter humans are the main victim and humans are the source of infection.

How it spreads?

when one human infected by dengue then that human becomes the main carrier and multiplier of the virus serving as a source of the virus for those mosquitoes who are uninfected.

The virus remains in the blood of an infected person for 2 to 7 days.

An infected person can transmit the infection via Aedes mosquitoes.

Once a human infected by the dengue virus provides lifelong immunity against that particular virus serotype.

Causes of dengue

Dengue fever caused by mosquitoes of the species Aedes aegypti and sometimes also by Aedes albopictus.

Aedes mosquitoes usually found in the urban areas and suburban areas. They like to breed in man-made containers like flower pots, tires, household water. 

Aedes albopictus has been transported to North America and Europe due to the Asian products.

These mosquitoes survive in the subfreezing temperatures, which allowed dengue to spread to a cooler climate.

Symptoms of dengue

Signs and symptoms of the dengue fever appear between the 3 to 14 days after a person is bitten by an infected mosquito.

1. Fever
2. Headache
3. Pain behind the eyes
4. In the breakbone fever symptoms are 
5. Severe muscle 
6. Joint pains
7. Extreme fatigue
8. Rashes which appears between the second and fifth day of fever.
9. Bleed from the skin or from the nose.
10. Bloody stories
11. Heavy menstrual bleeding
12. Nausea and vomiting
13. Cough
14. Sore throat
15. Nasal congestion

Symptoms usually last for three to seven days, at which fever breaks.

After the fever breaks people get better or gets much worse that developing severe dengue.

According to the WHO guidelines, any of the following symptoms are the warning that may signal the development of severe dengue called hemorrhagic fever(DHF)

1. Persistent vomiting
2. Lethargy or restlessness
3. Abdominal pain or tenderness
4. Mucosal bleeding(bleeding gums or nosebleeds)
5. Liver enlargement
6. fluid accumulation in the lungs or in the abdomen.

DHF

Dengue hemorrhagic fever is the most dangerous form of dengue infection.

DHF is defined by four keys:

1. Increased permeability of blood vessels
2. Plasma leakage into the surrounding tissues
3. Lack of plasma in the Bloodstream
4. Low blood platelet  count

A Fever that lasts for 2 to 7 days leads to severe hemorrhagic bleeding.

The most dangerous thing is the leakage of plasma into tissues surrounding the blood vessels it's life-threatening and there also not enough fluid left in the blood vessels to circulate the blood properly cause a shock.

Shock is a life-threatening also lead to metabolic problems and organ failure.

Treatment of shock requires hospitalization in an intensive care unit for close monitoring and for the administration of medication that raises blood pressure into the normal range.

When an infected person has gone into shock then this is called dengue shock syndrome(DSS).

doctors diagnose dengue infection with a blood test to check for the virus or antibodies to it.

If you become sich after the visit of the tropical area then see to your doctor.

Treatments of dengue

As with most viruses treatment options for dengue is only manage its symptoms. Pain relievers that don't make bleeding worse may be taken.

IV fluids may be given to help prevent shock but frequent blood draws and other assessments must be performed to make sure the IV fluids are not making the person shock.

dengue vaccine, Dengvaxia was made and available in Mexico in December 2015 covers all four dengue subtypes and it given to people ages 9 to 45 as a three-dose series.

Dengue vaccine recovers almost 59 percent of dengue cases.